Brick

**Brick**   **__ Pre-reading Activity __**  · What are they made of? · What are they used for? · How many types of brick are there? · What is the meaning of //brick laying techniques//? · Describe 2 brick laying techniques · What are their advantages and disadvantages? //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Bricks are ceramic blocks used in constructions, which are baked in special ovens and are often choosen above other constructive materials because of their cheapness and faster way of making. They can be also made from // //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;">clay, shale, soft slate, calcium silicate, concrete, or shaped from quarried stone. // //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> Brick Laying Techniques are the different methods that have been developed by builders when constructing a structure with brick. They constitute the several ways bricks should be placed and tapered as well as bonded with other structures. // //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> The structural bond refers to the manner in which the individual masonry units interlock into single structural units. This can be achieved in three different ways: by overlapping the masonry units, embedding metal ties in connecting joins or using grout to adhere adjacent withes of masonry. // //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> From these variety of structural bonding may result different patterns. There are six basic pattern bonds in common use today: Running, Common or American, Flemish, English, Stack and English Cross or Dutch Bond. // //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> The simplest of the six is the **running bond** in which metal ties usually form the structural bond, consisting of all stretchers. This method is widely used in the cavity wall construction, brick veneer walls and facing tile walls made with extra wide stretcher tile. One of the positive aspects of this method is that it minimizes the amount of cutting required. // <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-spacerun: yes; msoansilanguage: EN; msospacerun: yes;"> //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> The **common, or American bond** constitutes a variation of // //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">  the running bond, having a course of full-length headers at regular intervals that provide the structural bond and the pattern. Header courses may appear at every fifth, sixth, or seventh course,  varying according to the structural bonding requirements. //

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 * //How has brick been used in Piazza del Campo ?//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; msofareastlanguage: EN-CA; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> ======

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">//The use of brick in piazza del campo stands to functional and aesthetic reasons. Functional because it is an accurate material to use in a Mediterranean climate, and aesthetical because it unifies harmoniously the piazza with the other gothic style houses that stand in its surroundings. Also, the brick is used in the center floor of the piazza to create a clear relationship between its perimeter and the empty space that constitutes the piazza itself; in which the brick is organized creating a pattern that signals towards a center.// ======

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